Addressing Brain Tumors In India: Urgent Need For Awareness, Diagnosis, & Treatment

Within the intricate network of the human brain, a silent battle often unfolds. Abnormal cells multiply, forming tumours that disrupt the delicate equilibrium of this essential organ. Brain tumours, affecting an estimated 5-10 per 100,000 people in India, present a formidable challenge. As highlighted in studies published in the journal "Trends in the Brain Cancer Incidence in India," this vast and diverse nation grapples with unique obstacles in diagnosing and treating this condition. On World Brain Tumor Day, we reflect on the profound impact of brain tumours and the urgent need for advancements in awareness, diagnosis, and treatment.

The Mental and Physical Toll

The impact of a brain tumour extends far beyond the physical. Dr Chandril Chugh, Director of Good Deed Clinics and Senior Consultant Neurologist, emphasises the significant psychological burden associated with these tumours. "Nearly half of all patients experience mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and hopelessness," he says. This burden extends beyond diagnosis, with lingering behavioural changes depending on the tumour's location. Fortunately, major hospitals are stepping up, offering psycho-oncology departments to address these concerns. Collaborations with NGOs like the Indian Cancer Society provide counselling and support groups, creating a much-needed support system for patients. A study published in the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care revealed that in a single-institution study, nearly two-thirds (68 per cent) of brain tumour patients reported experiencing depression or anxiety.

The Race Against Time: Diagnosis and Delays

Time is of the essence when it comes to brain tumours. However, Dr. Kamal Verma, Director of Neurosurgery at Fortis Escorts Hospital, Faridabad, highlights the roadblocks to timely diagnosis. "Lack of awareness, stigma, and non-specific symptoms like headaches and mood swings often lead to patients seeking alternative treatments or delaying consultation with a qualified doctor," he explains. The shortage of neurologists in some regions adds another layer of complexity. This can lead to misdiagnosis, a potentially devastating consequence. Dr Verma emphasises the importance of public awareness campaigns that educate the public about brain tumour symptoms and encourage them to seek medical attention promptly. Studies suggest the prevalence of brain tumours in India is approximately 5-10 per 100,000 people. According to the International Association of Cancer Registries (IARC), over 28,000 instances of brain tumours are recorded each year in India. 

Financial Strain: A Barrier to Treatment

The financial burden of a brain tumour can be crushing. Dr Verma sheds light on the significant costs associated with diagnosis, treatment, and long-term care. "Without health insurance, managing these expenses can be overwhelming," he stresses. Public hospitals with adequate neurosurgical facilities are often overloaded, leading to long waiting lists. By the time a patient receives surgery, it may be too late, with significant brain damage already incurred. However, institutions like PGIMER Chandigarh are taking the lead in reducing wait times by optimising resource allocation. Thankfully, treatment in private hospitals can be supported by various NGOs and government schemes, offering some relief to patients, he added.

Hope on the Horizon: Advancements in Research and Rehabilitation

Despite the challenges, hope persists. Dr Chugh underlines the importance of ongoing research into personalised therapies and early detection methods like advancements in MRI technology. AI is also playing a transformative role. Dr. Verma explains how AI algorithms are improving tumour detection and precision treatment planning, while AI-driven robotic models enhance radiation therapy accuracy. This translates to a more targeted approach with potentially fewer side effects for patients.

Rehabilitation: A Path to Reintegration

Recovery after a brain tumour can be a long and arduous journey. Fortunately, resources are available to help patients regain lost functions and reintegrate into society. Government hospitals and private institutions offer surgical treatments and specialised physical therapy programs. These programs focus on aspects like cognitive training, memory training, speech therapy, gait training, and muscle strengthening. In some centres, robot-assisted physiotherapy is also being used with promising results. However, Dr Chugh highlights the need for more comprehensive mental health and support groups to address the holistic needs of patients.

Understanding the Landscape: Prevalence and Trends

Brain tumours may seem widespread, but Dr Chugh clarifies the situation: "Brain tumours are less common than other cancers, and the observed increase in incidence is primarily due to improved diagnostics rather than a surge in actual cases." Brain tumours account for approximately 1.6 per cent of all cancers diagnosed in India, according to the Indian Council of Medical Research. However, studies suggest a possible rise in reported brain tumour cases, but this may be due to improved diagnostic techniques rather than a true increase in the incidence.

The battle against brain tumours in India requires a multi-pronged approach. Public awareness campaigns that educate people about symptoms and encourage early diagnosis are crucial along with investment in research for better treatment options and early detection methods. With dedicated healthcare professionals, advancements in technology, and a growing network of support, the journey for brain tumour patients in India is slowly but surely gaining ground. 

Arya Rakshita

BW Reporters Trainee Correspondent