Importance Of Radiation During Treatment Of Breast Cancer

Dr Amit Jain Aug 08, 2024

Among the various treatment modalities available, radiation therapy plays a crucial role in the comprehensive management of breast cancer

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle not only enhances overall well-being but also plays a crucial role in preventing and managing various health conditions. In this context, breast cancer stands out as one of the most prevalent forms of cancer affecting women worldwide. Among the various treatment modalities available, radiation therapy plays a crucial role in the comprehensive management of breast cancer. Understanding the importance of radiation therapy can empower patients and healthcare providers alike in making informed decisions about treatment.

Role of Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy, also known as radiotherapy, uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. In the context of breast cancer treatment, radiation therapy serves several essential purposes:

Local Control: After surgical removal of the tumour (lumpectomy), radiation therapy is often used to target any remaining cancer cells in the breast tissue. This reduces the risk of cancer recurrence in the treated area.
Reducing Tumor Size: Radiation therapy can be employed before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy) to shrink large tumours, making them easier to remove surgically.
Post-Mastectomy Treatment: In cases where a mastectomy (complete removal of the breast) is performed, radiation therapy may still be recommended to reduce the risk of cancer returning in the chest wall or nearby lymph nodes.
Adjuvant Therapy: Radiation therapy is often used in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy and hormone therapy to maximise treatment effectiveness.

Types of Radiation Therapy

There are two main types of radiation therapy used in the treatment of breast cancer:

External Beam Radiation: This is the most common type of radiation therapy for breast cancer. It involves directing high-energy beams from outside the body onto the tumour site. Advanced techniques like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for precise targeting of cancerous tissue while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy): In some cases, radioactive implants are placed directly into the breast tissue near the cancer site. This delivers a higher dose of radiation directly to the tumour while sparing healthy tissue.

Benefits and Considerations

Radiation therapy for breast cancer offers several benefits:

Effective Local Control: By targeting cancer cells directly, radiation therapy reduces the risk of cancer recurrence in the treated area.
Minimally Invasive: Radiation therapy is non-surgical and generally well-tolerated by patients.
Improves Survival Rates: Studies have shown that radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery improves long-term survival rates compared to surgery alone.

However, radiation therapy also comes with potential side effects, including skin changes (like redness and irritation), fatigue, and rarely causes long-term effects on the heart and lungs. These risks are carefully considered and managed by healthcare providers to optimise treatment outcomes while minimising side effects.

Patient Education and Support

Understanding the role of radiation therapy in breast cancer treatment is crucial for patients and their families. It allows for informed decision-making and empowers patients to actively participate in their treatment journey. Open communication with healthcare providers about treatment goals, expectations, and potential side effects ensures that patients receive personalised care tailored to their needs.

Radiation therapy is a cornerstone in the multidisciplinary approach to treating breast cancer. Its ability to target cancer cells directly and reduce the risk of recurrence makes it an invaluable tool in improving patient outcomes. By understanding the importance of radiation therapy and collaborating closely with healthcare teams, patients can navigate their breast cancer treatment with confidence and optimism for a healthier future.

The author is Consultant Radiation Oncologist, HCG Cancer Centre Indore