Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive degenerative neurological disease that primarily affects memory, thinking, and behaviour. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults. The disease starts slowly, often with mild memory loss, but gradually leads to severe cognitive impairment, impacting the individual’s ability to carry out daily activities independently.
As the disease progresses, the need for an increased level of safety and security becomes paramount. Patients may begin to wander or leave home without knowing where they are going or how to return. This stage demands a more structured and protective environment to ensure their safety and well-being.
Caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s at home can be both challenging and rewarding. Here are some valuable tips to help you navigate this journey and provide the best possible care.
Create a safe environment - Alzheimer's impairs judgement, making home safety a serious concern. Do a thorough safety audit, checking for potential hazards like loose rugs, slippery floors, or furniture that could be tripping risks. Install grab bars in bathrooms and handrails on both sides of stairways. Remove all fire hazards, chemicals, and medications. One may need to disable appliances like the stove or oven if the loved one forgets they are on. As the disease progresses, the home may need modifications like a shower chair, wheelchair ramps, or a hospital bed. Consult an occupational therapist for recommendations.
Simplify the living space - Too much noise, clutter, or visual stimulation can cause agitation and confusion for someone with Alzheimer's. Examine the house and minimise distractions as much as possible. Create one or two main living areas, clearing other rooms of anything unnecessary. Remove busy patterns from floors, walls, and furniture covering. Reduce noise from TVs and radios. The living space should feel calm, simple, and focused only on essentials. This prevents overstimulation and makes the familiar environment more comforting.
Establish a routine - Alzheimer’s patients thrive on routine. Establishing a consistent daily schedule can reduce anxiety and confusion. Try to keep meal times, bedtimes, and other daily activities at the same time each day. This predictability can help the patient feel more secure.
Manage behavioural changes - Alzheimer’s can lead to changes in behaviour, such as aggression, agitation, or wandering. Stay calm and try to identify any triggers for these behaviours. Provide reassurance and try to redirect their attention to a more pleasant activity. Sometimes, simple distractions or a change in environment can help.
Encourage physical activity- Regular physical activity is beneficial for Alzheimer’s patients. It can improve mood, reduce anxiety, and promote better sleep. Encourage activities that the patient enjoys, such as walking, gardening, or light exercises. Always ensure that the activities are safe and appropriate for their physical abilities.
In the early and mid-level stages, Alzheimer’s patients may still retain some level of independence. It’s crucial to find a balance between how much they can do on their own and how much help they need to stay safe. Engaging in brain-stimulating activities, such as book groups and music classes, and performing daily living chores, such as cooking and taking walks, can greatly enhance their quality of life.
Caring for an Alzheimer’s patient can be physically and emotionally demanding thus it is also essential to take care of one’s health and well-being parallely. There will be enormously challenging days filled with frustration, sadness, and fatigue. However, taking preventive measures allows one to resolve potential issues before they escalate, reducing stress for both patient and caregiver.
The author is Head of Medical Operations, MediBuddy
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