Recognising Early Warning Signs Of Heart Attack In Young Individuals Weeks Before It Strikes

India faces a substantial burden of cardiovascular disease, with heart attacks being a major contributor to mortality. According to a medical study published in October 2023, heart attacks were the underlying cause of up to 45 per cent of deaths in the 40–69-year age group.

Heart attacks were primarily linked to older populations with established risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. However, recent studies have revealed a concerning trend of heart attacks occurring in younger individuals, including those in their 20s and 30s. This alarming statistic highlights the need for heightened awareness and proactive measures to prevent and manage cardiovascular health at all ages.

Risk Factors for Heart Attack in Young Individuals

While genetics play a role, with family history increasing the risk of heart attacks, lifestyle choices are significant contributors. Many young adults today are caught in unhealthy habits, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, and lack of physical activity. These habits, along with rising rates of obesity, contribute to a higher risk of heart attacks. Daily routines often have a direct impact on heart health; consuming processed foods high in trans fats and sodium can clog arteries, leading to conditions like atherosclerosis, which restricts blood flow and increases heart attack risk.

Modern lifestyles also contribute to physical inactivity. Long hours spent at desks, combined with limited exercise, often lead to weight gain and high blood pressure, putting added strain on the heart. A growing number of young people have become passionate about fitness and gym workouts, which is undoubtedly a positive trend. While regular exercise is beneficial, over-exercising without adequate rest or hydration can be equally harmful. Excessive training, especially without proper recovery, can strain the heart. Symptoms such as unusual fatigue, dizziness, or irregular heartbeats should not be ignored. In some instances, young individuals suffer heart attacks during high-intensity workouts, often due to undiagnosed conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or congenital heart abnormalities. Hidden health issues such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or obesity can elevate heart attack risk, especially when triggered by intense physical activity. Chronic stress and anxiety, along with dehydration and electrolyte imbalances during rigorous exercise, also pose significant risks.

Usually, chest pain remains the most well-known symptom of a heart attack, it's essential to be aware of other less obvious warning signs that may manifest in younger individuals. These include 

• Chest Discomfort This can range from mild pressure or tightness to severe pain that radiates to the arm, shoulder, neck, jaw, or back.

• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, even with minimal exertion, can be a sign of a heart attack.

• Fatigue: Unexplained fatigue or weakness, particularly when accompanied by other symptoms, should not be ignored.

• Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms can sometimes occur before or during a heart attack.

• Sweating: Cold sweats or excessive sweating can be indicative of a heart attack.

• Irregular Heartbeat: Palpitations or irregular heart rhythms can also be a warning sign.

To avoid such scenarios, young people should do proper warm-ups, maintain good hydration, and pay attention to their body’s signals while exercising. If you or someone you know experiences any of the early warning signs of a heart attack, it's crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.

World Heart Day serves as a reminder that heart health is a concern for people of all ages. By recognising the early warning signs of heart attack and taking proactive steps to manage risk factors, individuals can significantly reduce their chances of experiencing this life-threatening event. It's essential to prioritise cardiovascular health and seek medical advice if any concerning symptoms arise.

Dr. Ravi Bhojani

Guest Author Interventional Cardiologist, Sterling Hospitals, Rajkot.