Rising Lung Cancers Among Non-smokers In India : Causes, Symptoms, & Prevention

Dr. Niti Krishna Raizada Aug 01, 2024

While smoking remains the leading cause, an increasing number of non-smokers are being diagnosed with lung cancer

As World Lung Cancer Day 2024 approaches, it's important to address some rising concerns and misconceptions about lung cancer, particularly in India. While smoking remains the leading cause, an increasing number of non-smokers are being diagnosed with lung cancer. Let's delve into why this is happening, the symptoms often ignored, early signs in youngsters, and the concept of lung cleansing.

1. Non-Smokers and Lung Cancer in India: Here’s Why

Contrary to popular belief, lung cancer isn’t exclusive to smokers. In India, a significant number of non-smokers are being diagnosed with lung cancer. Several factors contribute to this:

Air Pollution: India has some of the highest levels of air pollution in the world. Prolonged exposure to pollutants like PM2.5 and PM10 can damage lung tissue and increase cancer risk.
Indoor Pollution: Many Indian households use biomass fuels for cooking and heating, releasing harmful pollutants. Poor ventilation exacerbates this issue.
Genetic Factors: Some people have a genetic predisposition to lung cancer, making them more susceptible even without traditional risk factors like smoking.
Radon Exposure: Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can accumulate in poorly ventilated homes and workplaces, increasing lung cancer risk.

2. Easily Ignored Lung Cancer Symptoms

Early detection of lung cancer can significantly improve treatment outcomes, but symptoms are often subtle and easily ignored. Commonly overlooked symptoms include:

Persistent Cough: A cough that doesn’t go away or worsens over time.
Chest Pain: Pain that is constant and may be worse with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing.
Hoarseness: Changes in voice or persistent hoarseness.
Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling winded with little exertion.
Unexplained Weight Loss: Losing weight without trying.
Fatigue: Persistent tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest.

3. Early Signs of Cancer in Youngsters and How to Prevent It

Lung cancer in younger individuals, though less common, is on the rise. Early signs include:

Recurring Infections: Frequent bouts of bronchitis or pneumonia.
Persistent Chest Pain: Continuous discomfort in the chest area.
Coughing Up Blood: Even small amounts of blood in sputum can be a warning sign.

To reduce the risk:

Avoid Tobacco: Encourage a smoke-free lifestyle from an early age.
Healthy Diet: Promote a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Regular Exercise: Physical activity boosts immune function and lung health.
Avoid Pollutants: Reduce exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution.
Vaccinations: Ensure vaccinations against respiratory infections(RSV, Pneumococcal, Influenza) are up to date.

4. What is Lung Cleansing? Can It Help Prevent Lung Cancer?

Lung cleansing, or detoxification, involves practices aimed at clearing the lungs of pollutants and toxins. Techniques include:

Steam Therapy: Inhaling water vapour to open airways and help clear mucus.
Controlled Coughing: Techniques to expel mucus from the lungs.
Exercise: Physical activity to improve lung capacity and overall health.
Dietary Changes: Consuming antioxidant-rich foods to support lung health.

However, while these practices might improve general lung health, they do not prevent lung cancer. The most effective preventive measures remain:

Avoiding Tobacco: Not smoking and avoiding second-hand smoke.
Reducing Exposure to Carcinogens: Limiting contact with known carcinogens like radon, asbestos, occupational pollutants and air pollutants.
Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and a healthy weight.
Regular Screenings: High-risk individuals should undergo screenings like low-dose CT scans for early detection.

It’s crucial to recognise that lung cancer can affect anyone, not just smokers. By understanding the risks, recognising early symptoms, and adopting preventive measures, we can reduce the incidence and impact of this disease. Lung cleansing, while beneficial for overall lung health, should not replace proven prevention strategies. Stay informed, take proactive steps, follow lung screening guidelines and advocate for healthier environments to protect yourself and those around you from lung cancer.

The author is a leading oncologist specializing in lung cancer research and treatment, committed to advancing public health education and cancer prevention.