In vitro fertilisation (IVF) has revolutionised reproductive medicine, offering hope to couples struggling with fertility issues. This assisted reproductive technology involves the external fertilisation of eggs with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment, followed by the transfer of the most promising embryo into the uterus. In recent years, there has been a notable trend of individuals pursuing IVF at later stages in life, driven by various societal, economic, and personal factors.
IVF success rates, which indicate the likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy and live birth through the procedure, are crucial for those considering this treatment option. These rates provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and potential outcomes of IVF. However, it is important to note that fertility naturally declines with age for both women and men, albeit in different ways.
For women, the decline of fertility becomes more pronounced after age 35, characterised by a reduction in ovarian reserve, egg quality, and quantity. The risk of chromosomal abnormalities in eggs also increases with age, potentially leading to genetic disorders and failed pregnancies. Recent research has also revealed instances of premature ovarian ageing in women under 35, further complicating natural conception.
Men also experience age-related fertility challenges. Studies have shown a 51.6 per cent decrease in sperm count over the past 45 years, with semen volume, total sperm count, and sperm motility all declining with age. Advanced paternal age has been linked to reduced sperm quality and an increased risk of genetic abnormalities in offspring, which can impact IVF success rates.
The success rate of IVF is influenced by various factors, including the age of both partners, lifestyle habits, body mass index (BMI), treatment history, existing co-morbidities, and hormone levels. Technological advancements in IVF have led to the development of personalised treatment options, addressing patients' unique histories to create treatment plans with the highest probability of success. The focus on training a pool of skilled infertility specialists to handle complex cases has also contributed significantly to IVF success rates.
Age-related factors significantly impact IVF success for both partners. As women age, their response to fertility drugs during ovarian stimulation diminishes, affecting the number of viable eggs produced. For men, the quality and quantity of sperm may decrease, potentially affecting fertilization rates. Successful embryo implantation also becomes less likely with advancing age of either partner, influencing overall IVF success rates. Furthermore, the risk of miscarriage increases with age, posing additional emotional challenges for older couples undergoing IVF treatment.
The emotional and psychological aspects of undergoing IVF, particularly for couples facing age-related fertility difficulties, cannot be overlooked. Many experience significant emotional turmoil and stress throughout their IVF journey, making counselling and emotional support crucial for maintaining a positive outlook during the process.
For those facing age-related fertility challenges, it is important to consider that IVF may not be the only option available. Other assisted reproductive technologies, such as egg or sperm donation, intrauterine insemination, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, offer viable alternatives for those seeking parenthood.
As the trend of pursuing IVF later in life continues, understanding the impact of age on success rates becomes increasingly important for both men and women. Being aware of age-related fertility challenges and the associated emotional aspects can help couples make informed decisions about their reproductive options. By considering alternative paths to parenthood and seeking appropriate support, many individuals and couples can still realize their dreams of starting a family, despite age-related fertility difficulties.
The author is CEO and Co-founder of Indira IVF
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