Work Stress Increases Heart Attack Risk, While Stress-Free Workplaces Boost Heart Health

1) What impact do extreme work stress and excess competition have on the body?

The recent tragic death of a 26-year-old Pune employee highlights the severe effects of excessive work stress and competition on the human body. Chronic exposure to high levels of stress can trigger the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones, while essential for the "fight or flight" response in short bursts, can wreak havoc on the body when constantly activated. Adrenaline constricts blood vessels and directs more blood toward major muscle groups, including the heart. This increases heart rate, elevates blood pressure, and can lead to heart attacks over time. Cortisol, another stress hormone, promotes inflammation, weakens the immune system, and disrupts sleep, compounding the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and mental health disorders like anxiety and depression.

2) As a doctor, how often do you see young employees with challenging jobs come to your hospital with complaints of mental or cardiological stress?

As a physician, I frequently treat young professionals, especially those working in high-pressure industries such as IT, finance, and corporate management. These individuals, often in their late 20s and early 30s, report a range of stress-related issues, including chest pain, palpitations, headaches, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Over time, many develop early signs of hypertension, elevated cholesterol levels, and heart rhythm abnormalities, all of which can be traced back to chronic workplace stress. The increase in young patients presenting with stress-induced cardiological issues is alarming, signalling an urgent need for workplace reforms.

3) Does a stressful work environment leave a long-lasting impact on a person’s heart?

A stressful work environment can have long-lasting effects on heart health. Prolonged stress keeps the body's "fight-or-flight" response activated, leading to continuous exposure to stress hormones. This can cause the hardening of arteries (atherosclerosis), high blood pressure, and inflammation within the cardiovascular system. These physical changes increase the likelihood of heart attacks, strokes, and chronic heart disease. Psychological stress further exacerbates the problem, often driving unhealthy behaviours like poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption, all of which damage the heart.

4) What are the initial symptoms of work stress-induced cardiological ailments?

Work stress-induced cardiological ailments often manifest in subtle ways before they escalate into serious conditions. Initial symptoms include frequent headaches, unexplained fatigue, chest discomfort, palpitations, and shortness of breath. Sudden bouts of anxiety and dizziness are also common early signs. Ignoring these symptoms can lead to more severe health issues such as hypertension, heart attacks, or stroke.

5) How does a friendly work environment and an understanding manager help maintain a healthy heart?

A friendly work environment and an understanding manager can make a significant difference in reducing workplace stress. Open communication, supportive management, and a culture that values work-life balance help employees feel secure, which in turn lowers stress hormone levels. Positive workplaces promote healthy lifestyle habits, encouraging physical activity, balanced diets, and regular breaks, all of which contribute to better heart health and overall well-being.

6) What policies must companies adopt to ensure work-life balance for employees?

To protect employee health, companies should adopt policies that encourage a healthy work-life balance. Flexible work hours, remote work options, and regular breaks help reduce burnout. Offering wellness programs, mental health support, and access to counselling are also critical. Companies should discourage a culture of excessive overtime and set realistic deadlines to alleviate undue pressure. Additionally, recognising employee achievements and providing opportunities for personal and professional growth create a more positive and motivating work environment, which benefits both mental and physical health.

Dr. Jajati Keshari Padhi

Guest Author Senior Consultant & Director Interventional Cardiology, Manipal Hospital, Bhubaneshwar