Combating Obesity: Reducing The Risk Of Metabolic Diseases In India

Obesity has emerged as one of India’s most pressing health challenges, significantly contributing to a surge in lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular conditions. Despite its prevalence, obesity remains widely misunderstood and is often dismissed as a cosmetic issue rather than a serious medical condition. This misconception hampers timely interventions, and as Dr. Abhishek Katakwar, Associate Director of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery at AIG Hospitals, observes, “Obesity is a metabolic disorder, not just a matter of appearance. Addressing it early can prevent complications and improve quality of life.”

The Hidden Dangers of Obesity

In India, societal perceptions often equate being overweight with prosperity, perpetuating unhealthy habits. However, obesity is a major health risk linked to several metabolic diseases. Studies indicate that over 50 per cent of obese adults in India suffer from NAFLD, and nearly 25 per cent face an elevated risk of heart disease.

Dr. Katakwar highlights that the roots of obesity extend far beyond poor diet or lack of exercise. “Obesity often begins in the prenatal stage,” he explains. “A mother’s diet during pregnancy has a lasting impact on her child’s health, influencing their likelihood of developing obesity and related conditions.” Early childhood nutrition and increasingly sedentary lifestyles further compound the problem.

Obesity’s impact is not just limited to physical health; it also affects life expectancy and quality of life. Without timely intervention, obesity-related diseases can lead to severe complications, including Type 2 diabetes, liver damage, and cardiovascular events.

The Need for Awareness and Early Intervention

One of the biggest barriers to addressing obesity is the widespread lack of awareness. While the World Health Organization (WHO) officially recognises obesity as a disease, many continue to view it as a cosmetic issue. “It’s vital to change this mindset,” says Dr. Katakwar. “Raising awareness about the health risks of obesity and encouraging early medical intervention can prevent a cascade of complications.”

Early interventions—whether through lifestyle changes or medical treatments—play a critical role in managing obesity. Dietary modifications, increased physical activity, and behavioural counselling can be effective for individuals in the early stages of obesity. However, for those with severe obesity, these measures may not suffice, making advanced medical treatments essential.

Modern Surgical Solutions: A Game-Changer

Bariatric surgery is a highly effective treatment for individuals with severe obesity. Recent advancements in surgical technologies, such as robotic systems like Da Vinci, have made these procedures safer, more precise, and minimally invasive. “With modern techniques, we can reduce pain, shorten recovery times, and significantly improve surgical outcomes,” says Dr. Katakwar.

The benefits of bariatric surgery are profound. Research shows that it can improve or even resolve conditions like fatty liver disease in up to 90% of patients, while reducing the risk of heart disease by as much as 70%. These life-changing results underscore the importance of bariatric surgery as a viable treatment option.

Obesity is a growing crisis in India. If current trends persist, more than 64% of the population will be overweight or obese by 2060. Dr. Katakwar urges immediate action: “It’s time we recognise obesity for what it truly is—a serious medical condition—and act accordingly.”

India’s fight against obesity requires a multi-pronged approach, including raising public awareness, promoting healthy lifestyles, and leveraging advanced medical interventions. By addressing obesity head-on, the nation can curb the rising tide of metabolic diseases and pave the way for a healthier future.