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Five years after the Covid-19 outbreak, parts of China are now facing a rise in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections. Discovered in 2001 by Dutch researchers studying respiratory infections in children, HMPV has become a concern as it spreads across the region.
The rise of a new virus often evokes memories of past global health crises. Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that has existed for decades but remained relatively unnoticed, has recently drawn attention due to an increase in cases reported in China. Although not a novel pathogen, its recent rise, particularly among children, has raised significant concern. To know more about the virus. BW Healthcare World reached out to Dr Jayalakshmi T.K Senior Consultant, Pulmonology, Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai.
What Is HMPV and Who Is at Risk?
“HMPV primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to infections in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. In most people, it presents symptoms similar to a cold or flu—cough, fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat. However, for certain groups, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems, it can develop into more severe conditions such as bronchitis or pneumonia,” said Dr Jayalakshmi.
“In more serious cases, hospitalisation may be necessary, particularly when symptoms like difficulty breathing or a persistent high fever occur. This is part of the reason why the ongoing outbreak in China is concerning, with children under 14 being especially affected and hospitals in some areas experiencing overcrowding,” Dr Jayalakshmi added.
Why Is HMPV a Concern in China Right Now?
“HMPV cases are surging in northern provinces of China, coinciding with the presence of other respiratory pathogens like Influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and even COVID-19. This overlap has put added pressure on healthcare systems, especially as winter tends to exacerbate respiratory illness,” Dr Jayalakshmi explained.
“While the surge is significant, it's important to note that such outbreaks are not entirely unusual during colder months, particularly in densely populated areas and regions dealing with multiple infections simultaneously,” she said.
How Does HMPV Spread?
The virus spreads easily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Close contact with an infected person, or touching a contaminated surface followed by touching the face, can also facilitate transmission. This is a familiar transmission pattern that mirrors the precautions we became accustomed to during the pandemic, making simple hygiene practices critical in preventing its spread.
Preventive Measures
As per Dr Jayalakshmi, although there is no vaccine or specific treatment for HMPV, there are preventive measures that can greatly reduce the risk:
Should India Be Concerned?
According to Dr Jayalakshmi, currently, there is no significant increase in HMPV cases in India. However, viruses do not recognise borders, and past outbreaks have shown that staying vigilant is essential. Indian health officials are likely monitoring global trends closely and will be prepared to act if there are any notable changes in infection rates.
“While it's natural to feel uneasy when hearing about a virus spreading elsewhere, the situation with HMPV in China does not call for panic in India. Instead, it’s an opportunity to refresh the habits we developed during the pandemic—maintaining good hygiene, staying informed, and taking action quickly if symptoms appear,” Dr Jayalakshmi said.
Looking Ahead
“The emerging health crisis in China is a reminder of how unpredictable health emergencies can be. The challenges faced during the Covid-19 pandemic, when many families struggled with mounting medical expenses, underscore the importance of being adequately prepared. To safeguard your finances during such times, it’s essential to reassess your health insurance,” Siddharth Sibghal, Head of Health Insurance, Policybazaar, advised.
The rise in HMPV cases in China serves as a reminder of how interconnected global health can be. While India has not been significantly affected as of now, staying informed and vigilant remains our best defense.
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