Link Between Early Menopause & Arthritis

The term "early menopause" refers to the end of menstrual cycles before the age of forty-five. The possible correlation between this and the onset of arthritis is becoming more widely acknowledged. Hormonal changes, particularly the decline in estrogen levels, which are critical for preserving joint health, are most likely the cause of this association. 

It is well known that estrogen reduces inflammation and promotes the manufacture of collagen and proteoglycans, both of which help to maintain the structural integrity of cartilage. which decreases after menopause and may result in increased joint inflammation and cartilage deterioration, eventually leading to arthritis.

In osteoarthritis, estrogen has been demonstrated to offer some protection on cartilage; however, estrogen could be destroyed expediting the degenerative process on joints. In RA the mechanisms involved are not exactly clear, however estrogen is thought to regulate the immune system and what little estrogen a woman may be exposed to had the potential to aggravate the autoimmune response causing destruction of the joints. 

Early menopause is also associated with decreased bone mineral density due to reduced estrogen, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. This condition can indirectly affect joint health by altering joint biomechanics and load distribution, further predisposing individuals to osteoarthritis.

Many studies have shown the link that women who experience early menopause are at a higher risk of developing arthritis. A study published in "Arthritis Research & Therapy" found that women with early menopause had a significantly higher incidence of osteoarthritis compared to those with normal or late menopause. Similarly, research indicates that the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is also higher in women who undergo menopause

Understanding the link between early menopause and arthritis underscores the importance of early intervention and management strategies.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been considered to counter some of the adverse effects of estrogen deficiency, although its use must be carefully weighed against potential risks. 

Lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a healthy weight, strength training, regular physical low impact activity, and a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, are also crucial in managing and preventing arthritis in this population.

Sometimes joint supplements can help but most important is to understand the association between early menopause and arthritis. This can lead to better-targeted therapies and preventive measures, improving quality of life for affected women.

Dr. Kiran Kharat

Guest Author Senior consultant Orthopedic surgeon Ruby Hall Clinic